Access to Healthy Assets and Hazards (AHAH)

Access to Healthy Assets and Hazards (AHAH)#

Last modified: 12 Sep 2025

The Access to Healthy Assets and Hazards dataset is a multi-dimensional index which describes accessibility to certain environmental features relating to health and wellbeing.
More information about this dataset is available here.

AHAH (the index of ‘Access to Health Assets and Hazards’) is a multi-dimensional index developed by the Geographic Data Service for Great Britain measuring how ‘healthy’ neighbourhoods are. The AHAH index combines indicators under four different domains of accessibility: Retail environment (access to fast food outlets, pubs, tobacconists, gambling outlets), Health services (access to GPs, hospitals, pharmacies, dentists, leisure services), Physical environment (Blue Space, Green Space - Passive), and Air quality (NO₂, PM10, SO₂). Measurement data and deciles for the overall index, 4 domains and 14 inputs are produced for Lower Level Super Output Areas (LSOAs) for England and Wales, and Data Zones (DZ) for Scotland. Distances shown for some of the measurement data are means of the time (in minutes) for driving by car along the established road network, between the population weighted centroid of each postcode contained within each statistical geographical unit, and the actual location of the outlet/service.

1. Summary#

ahah_geo_indicators_england_wales

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Dataset Descriptor Dataset-specific Information
Name of Dataset in TRE PLACE_ahah_geo_indicators_england_wales
Citation (APA) Geographic Data Service, Smart Data Research UK. (2025). Place based data: AHAH Geo Indicators England Wales. UK Longitudinal Linkage Collaboration (UK LLC). https://doi.org/10.71760/ukllc-dataset-00430-01
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Owner Geographic Data Service, Smart Data Research UK
Authors Konstantinos Daras, Alec Davies, Mark Green, Alex Singleton and Benjamin Barr (University of Liverpool)
Temporal Coverage 01/2019 - 02/2022
Geographical Coverage England and Wales
Participant Count None
Number of Variables 22
Number of Observations 34753
Key Link https://data.geods.ac.uk/dataset/access-to-healthy-assets-hazards-ahah
Keywords environmental,geospatial,health,retail,air pollution,greenspace
Latest Extract Date TBC
Specific Restrictions to Data Use None
Build a Data Request https://explore.ukllc.ac.uk/

ahah_geo_indicators_scotland

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Dataset Descriptor Dataset-specific Information
Name of Dataset in TRE PLACE_ahah_geo_indicators_scotland
Citation (APA) Geographic Data Service, Smart Data Research UK. (2025). Place based data: AHAH Geo Indicators Scotland. UK Longitudinal Linkage Collaboration (UK LLC). https://doi.org/10.71760/ukllc-dataset-00431-01
Download Citation Citeproc JSON     BibTeX     RIS
Owner Geographic Data Service, Smart Data Research UK
Authors Konstantinos Daras, Alec Davies, Mark Green, Alex Singleton and Benjamin Barr (University of Liverpool)
Temporal Coverage 01/2019 - 01/2022
Geographical Coverage Scotland
Participant Count None
Number of Variables 22
Number of Observations 6976
Key Link https://data.geods.ac.uk/dataset/access-to-healthy-assets-hazards-ahah
Keywords environmental,geospatial,health,retail,air pollution,greenspace
Latest Extract Date TBC
Specific Restrictions to Data Use None
Build a Data Request https://explore.ukllc.ac.uk/

2. Variables#

ahah_geo_indicators_england_wales

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Variable Group Variable Description Source Date range of data
Geography lsoa11cd_e Geographical unit, Lower Super Output Area code (2011) for England and Wales Office of National Statistics 2011
Health health_domain Health Domain Score presented as quintiles where 1=Best performing quintile, 5= Worst performing quintile. Geographic Data Service 2022
Greenspace greenspace_domain Green/Bluespace Domain Score presented as quintiles where 1=Best performing quintile, 5= Worst performing quintile. Geographic Data Service 2022
Air air_domain Air quality Domain Score presented as quintiles where 1=Best performing quintile, 5= Worst performing quintile. Geographic Data Service 2022
Retail retail_domain Retail Domain Score presented as quintiles where 1=Best performing quintile, 5= Worst performing quintile. Geographic Data Service 2022
Healthy Assets and Hazards ahah_index Access to Healthy Assets and Hazards index score presented as quintiles where 1=Best performing quintile, 5= Worst performing quintile. Geographic Data Service 2022
Health ah3gp Distance to nearest GP Practice (minutes) presented as quintiles where 1=Best performing quintile, 5= Worst performing quintile. NHS England Feb-22
Health ah3dent Distance to nearest GP Dentist (minutes) presented as quintiles where 1=Best performing quintile, 5= Worst performing quintile. NHS England Jan-22
Health ah3phar Distance to nearest Pharmacy (minutes) presented as quintiles where 1=Best performing quintile, 5= Worst performing quintile. NHS England/NHS Wales Nov-21
Health ah3hosp Distance to nearest Hospital (minutes) presented as quintiles where 1=Best performing quintile, 5= Worst performing quintile. NHS England Feb-22
Environment ah3blue Distance to nearest Blue space (minutes) presented as quintiles where 1=Best performing quintile, 5= Worst performing quintile. Open Street Map 2021
Environment ah3gpas NVDI value indicating Passive Green Space presented as quintiles where 1=Best performing quintile, 5= Worst performing quintile. Sentinel Satellite 2021
Retail ah3ffood Distance to nearest Fast Food Outlet (minutes) presented as quintiles where 1=Best performing quintile, 5= Worst performing quintile. Local Data Company 2019
Retail ah3gamb Distance to nearest Gambling Outlet (minutes) presented as quintiles where 1=Best performing quintile, 5= Worst performing quintile. Local Data Company 2019
Retail ah3leis Distance to nearest Leisure Centre (minutes) presented as quintiles where 1=Best performing quintile, 5= Worst performing quintile. Local Data Company 2019
Retail ah3pubs Distance to nearest Pubs/Bars/Nightclub (minutes) presented as quintiles where 1=Best performing quintile, 5= Worst performing quintile. Local Data Company 2019
Retail ah3tob Distance to nearest Tobacconists/Vape Store (minutes) presented as quintiles where 1=Best performing quintile, 5= Worst performing quintile. Local Data Company 2019
Air ah3no2 Annual mean Nitrogen Dioxide (?gm³) presented as quintiles where 1=Best performing quintile, 5= Worst performing quintile. DEFRA 2019
Air ah3so2 Annual mean Sulphur Dioxide (?gm³) presented as quintiles where 1=Best performing quintile, 5= Worst performing quintile. DEFRA 2019
Air ah3pm10 Annual mean Particulate Matter (?gm³) presented as quintiles where 1=Best performing quintile, 5= Worst performing quintile. DEFRA 2019
Geography rgn11nm Nations within Great Britain: Scotland, Wales, and Regions within England Office of National Statistics 2011
UK LLC avail_from_dt None UK LLC None

ahah_geo_indicators_scotland

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Variable Group Variable Description Source Date range of data
Geography dz11cd_e Geographical unit, Data Zones (2011) for Scotland gov.scot 2011
Health health_domain Health Domain Score presented as quintiles where 1=Best performing quintile, 5= Worst performing quintile. Geographic Data Service 2022
Greenspace greenspace_domain Green/Bluespace Domain Score presented as quintiles where 1=Best performing quintile, 5= Worst performing quintile. Geographic Data Service 2022
Air air_domain Air quality Domain Score presented as quintiles where 1=Best performing quintile, 5= Worst performing quintile. Geographic Data Service 2022
Retail retail_domain Retail Domain Score presented as quintiles where 1=Best performing quintile, 5= Worst performing quintile. Geographic Data Service 2022
Healthy Assets and Hazards ahah_index Access to Healthy Assets and Hazards index score presented as quintiles where 1=Best performing quintile, 5= Worst performing quintile. Geographic Data Service 2022
Health ah3gp Distance to nearest GP Practice (minutes) presented as quintiles where 1=Best performing quintile, 5= Worst performing quintile. NHS Scotland Jan-22
Health ah3dent Distance to nearest GP Dentist (minutes) presented as quintiles where 1=Best performing quintile, 5= Worst performing quintile. NHS Scotland Jun-21
Health ah3phar Distance to nearest Pharmacy (minutes) presented as quintiles where 1=Best performing quintile, 5= Worst performing quintile. NHS Scotland Oct-21
Health ah3hosp Distance to nearest Hospital (minutes) presented as quintiles where 1=Best performing quintile, 5= Worst performing quintile. NHS Scotland Dec-21
Environment ah3blue Distance to nearest Blue space (minutes) presented as quintiles where 1=Best performing quintile, 5= Worst performing quintile. Open Street Map 2021
Environment ah3gpas NVDI value indicating Passive Green Space presented as quintiles where 1=Best performing quintile, 5= Worst performing quintile. Sentinel Satellite 2021
Retail ah3ffood Distance to nearest Fast Food Outlet (minutes) presented as quintiles where 1=Best performing quintile, 5= Worst performing quintile. Local Data Company 2019
Retail ah3gamb Distance to nearest Gambling Outlet (minutes) presented as quintiles where 1=Best performing quintile, 5= Worst performing quintile. Local Data Company 2019
Retail ah3leis Distance to nearest Leisure Centre (minutes) presented as quintiles where 1=Best performing quintile, 5= Worst performing quintile. Local Data Company 2019
Retail ah3pubs Distance to nearest Pubs/Bars/Nightclub (minutes) presented as quintiles where 1=Best performing quintile, 5= Worst performing quintile. Local Data Company 2019
Retail ah3tob Distance to nearest Tobacconists/Vape Store (minutes) presented as quintiles where 1=Best performing quintile, 5= Worst performing quintile. Local Data Company 2019
Air ah3no2 Annual mean Nitrogen Dioxide (?gm³) presented as quintiles where 1=Best performing quintile, 5= Worst performing quintile. DEFRA 2019
Air ah3so2 Annual mean Sulphur Dioxide (?gm³) presented as quintiles where 1=Best performing quintile, 5= Worst performing quintile. DEFRA 2019
Air ah3pm10 Annual mean Particulate Matter (?gm³) presented as quintiles where 1=Best performing quintile, 5= Worst performing quintile. DEFRA 2019
Geography rgn11nm Nations within Great Britain: Scotland, Wales, and Regions within England Office of National Statistics 2011
UK LLC avail_from_dt None UK LLC None

3. Metrics#

TBC

4. Version History#

TBC

5. Documentation#

We are currently building a documentation storage system which will host useful documents related to datasets and data owners. We will surface these documents on Guidebook.

6. Useful Syntax#

Below we will include syntax that may be helpful to other researchers in the UK LLC TRE. For longer scripts, we will include a snippet of the code plus a link to the UK LLC GitHub repository where you can find the full scripts.